Stabilized metal-working lubricant



3,024,193 Patented Mar. 6, 1962 3,024,193 STABILIZED METAL-WORKING LUBRICANT James W. Gaynor, Valparaiso, Ind., and Roy J. Eisem haner, Chicago, IlL, assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Indiana N Drawing. Fiied Dec. 26, 1957, Ser. No. 705,150

9 Claims; (Cl. 252-18) The' present invention pertains to improvements in lubricant compositions, and more particularly to lubricant compositions adapted for use in metal-forming opera tions.

In metal-forming operations, such as drawing, stamping, forging, and the like, lubricants containing substantial quantities of calciumcarbonate are generally employed for the purpose of preventing metal-to-metal contact under the extreme-pressure conditions usually encountered in such operations. Such lubricant compositions are usually supplied to the user in the form of paste or semisolid grease-like products which are then diluted with Water to the desired consistency. Difficulty is often encountered because the calcium carbonate settles out of the diluted products, forming tightly packed gummy layers on the bottom of reservoirs or containers which cannot be remixed with normal agitation.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a metal-forming lubricant composition containing calcium carbonate which can be diluted with Water without packing of the settling calcium carbonate. Another object of the invention is to provide a metal-forming lubricant composition containing calcium carbonate which is resistant to packing of the settled-out calcium carbonate. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description thereof.

In accordance with the present invention, calcium carbonate-containing lubricant compositions, of the type adapted for use in metal-forming operations, in which the calcium carbonate will not settle out in a tightly packed layer when the lubricant composition is diluted with water, are obtained by incorporating in such lubricant compositions a small amount of 9. polyacrylamide. Lubricant compositions of the present invention comprise essentially from about to about 15% emulsifier, from about 15% to about 30% of a fatty material, from 5% to about 50%, and preferably from about 10% to about 30% of a hydrocarbon oil, from about to about water, from about 5% to about 30% calcium carbonate, from about 0.25% to about 2% of a polyacrylamide, and from 0.1% to about 1%, and preferably from about 0.25% to about 1% magnesium stearate.

The polyacrylamides used in the present invention have the general formula and a molecular weight in the range of from about 50,000 to about 100,000. Suitable polyacrylamides are products marketed by American Cyanamid Company under the trade-names of PAM 50, PAM 75 and PAM 100.

The emulsifier can be an alkali metal soap of a carboxylic acid containing at least 12 carbon atoms, an alkali metal sop of an alkyl aryl sulfonic acid containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, a non-ionic emulsifier or any of the well known emulsifying agents. Examples of suitable emulsifiers are the alkali metal soaps, such as sodium, potassium, or ammonium soaps of animal and/ or vegetable fatty acid, for example, lauric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, Standard Fatty Acids, etc.; sorbitan hexahydroxy ethyl ether; glycol stearin; soaps of cyclohexyl diethanolamine or triethanolamine; alkali metal soaps of preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acids; dibutyl phenyl phenol sodium disulfonate; condensation products of polyalkylene oxide with an alcohol or a mercaptan of at least 8 carbon atoms, such as for example, a tertiary dodecyl mercaptan or alcohol condensed with 8 to 11 mols of ethylene oxide; polyethylene glycol esters or partial esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, etc., sorbitan stearate, oleate, etc.

Mixtures of such emulsifiers can be used I The fatty material used in the lubricant compositions of the present invention are, for example, animal, vegetable and marine fats and fatty oils, such as tallow oil, lard oil, castor oil, menhaden, cottonseed oil, etc.

The hydrocarbon oil component of the lubricant composition can be any hydrocarbon oil having a SayboltUniversal viscosity within the range of from about seconds at F. to about 500 seconds at 210 F. The oil can be a petroleum distillate or a residuum oil or mixtures thereof or can be a synthetic hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity within the above range. The choice of the oil used will be determined by the nature of the service for which the compound is designed.

The compositions of the type herein described are usually prepared in paste or semi-solid form which the user can dilute by adding water in proportions of from about 1 to 8 parts of water to 1 part of the composition, and the diluted material then applied to the metal as it enters the forming machine.

Illustrative of the present invention are the following formulations:

I II

Percent Percent Hydrocarbon Oil 18.6 15.5 Calcium Carbonate..- 23.0 23. 0 Tallow 18.0 18.0 Caustic Potash (44%)-- 3. 2. 6 Standard Fatty Acid 7 9. 9. 7 Water 28.0 Polyacrylamide 1. 0 Tween 80 4 0.9 Magnesium Stearate. 0.3 Caustic Soda (44%) 1.0

1:6 respectively exhibited no packing of the calcium carbonate after standing for eight hours in a quiescent state,

whereas a similar composition without the polyacrylamide had a tightly packed residual bottom in the same period. Formulation II diluted with water in the ratio of 1.3 evidenced no packing or gumming after standing several days.

Percentages given herein and in the appended claims are weight percentages unless otherwise stated.

We claim:

1. A metal-working lubricant composition containing calcium carbonate from which the calcium carbonate will not settle-out in a packed layer, comprising from. about 5% to about 15 of an emulsifier selected from the class consisting of an anionic organic emulsifying agent, a nonionic organic emulsifying agent and mixtures thereof, from about 15% to about 30% of a fatty material selected from the class consisting of animal, vegetable and marine fats and fatty oils, from 5% to about 50% of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 15 to about 30% water,

from about 5% to about 30% calcium carbonate, from 0.1% to about 1% magnesium stearate and from about 0.25% to about 2% of a polyacrylamide having the general formula having a molecular weight of from about 50,000 to about 100,000.

2. A metalworking lubricant composition as described in claim 1 in which the emulsifier is an alkali metal soap of a high molecular weight fatty acid.

3. A metalworking lubricant composition as described in claim 1 in which the emulsifier is a non-ionic surfaceactive agent.

4. A metalworking lubricant composition as described in claim 1 in which the polyacrylamide has a molecular weight of about 75,000.

5. A metalworking lubricant composition as described in claim 1 in which the fatty material is an animal fat.

6. A metalworking lubricant composition as described in claim 1 which contains from about to about of a hydrocarbon oil.

7. An aqueous emulsion consisting essentially of from 1 to about 8 parts of water to one part of the composition described in claim 1.

CONHQJx 8. A metalworking lubricant composition as described in claim 2 in which the alkali metal is potassium.

9. A metal-working lubricant composition containing calcium carbonate from which the calcium carbonate will not settle-out in a packed layer, having the following approximate formulation:

Percent Hydrocarbon oil 18.6 Calcium carbonate 23.0 Tallow 18.0 Potassium fatty acid soap 13.1 Water 25.0 Magnesium stearate 0.4 Polyacrylamide 1.0 Polyoxyethylene sorbitan-monooleate 0.9 in which the potassium fatty acid soap is the potassium soap of a mixture of about 40% animal fatty acids and about cottonseed fatty acids, and the polyacrylamide has a molecular weight of about 75,000.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,697,072 Roden Dec. 14, 1954 2,805,205 Touey et a1. Sept. 3, 1957 2,857,367 Kearney Oct. 21, 1958 

1. A METAL-WORKING LUBRICANT COMPOSTION CONTAINING CALCIUM CARBONATE FROM WHICH THE CALCIUM CARBONATE WILL NOT SETTLE-OUT IN A PACKED LAYER, COMPRISING FROM ABOUT 5% TO ABOUT 15% OF AN EMULSIFIER SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF AN ANIONIC ORGANIC EMULSIFYING AGENT, A NONIONIC ORGANIC EMULSIFYING AGENT AND MIXTURE THEREOF, FROM ABOUT 15% TO ABOUT 30% OF A FATTY MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF ANIMAL, VEGETABLE AND MARINE FATS AND FATTY OILS, FROM 5% TO ABOUT 50% OF A HYDROCARBON OIL, FROM ABOUT 15% TO ABOUT 30% WATER FROM ABOUT 5% TO ABOUT 30% CALCIUM CARBONATE, FROM 0.1% TO ABOUT 1% MAGNESIUM STEARATE AND FROM ABOUT 0.25% TO ABOUT 2% OF A POLYACRYLAMIDE HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA 